Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

Gel electrophoresis is a test that will be run when want to test the existence of DNA in certain extraction. The chemicals that is mainly used here is called Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) is an intercalating agent commonly used as a fluorescent tag (nucleic acid stain) in molecular biology laboratories for techniques such as agarose gel electrophoresis. When exposed to ultraviolet light, it will fluoresce with an orange color, intensifying almost 20-fold after binding to DNA. Under the name Homidium, it has been commonly used since the 1950s in veterinary to treat Trypanosomosis in cattle, a disease caused by trypanosomes^{[citation needed]}. Ethidium bromide may be a strong mutagen. It is also widely assumed to be a carcinogen or teratogen although this has never been carefully tested. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethidium_bromide)

Agarose gel act as molecular sives, retarding the passage of large molecules more than small molecules. Agarose is a semisolid gel (polysaccaride) extracted from the seaweed. The gel will be immersed in the buffer such as Tae (Tri-acetate-EDTA) and TBE (Tris-borate-EDTA). The DNA are dissolved in loading buffer with density greater than that of the electrophoresis buffer so that DNA samples settles to the bottom of the wells, rather than diffusing into the electrophoresis buffer.Ethidium bromide is inserted in the gel matrix to enable fluorescent visualization of the DNA fragments under ultraviolet light.

Gel Electrophoresis needed be conducted on the extraction of DNA to see if there were any DNA been extracted during the DNA extraction process or not.

P/s: make sure that there is no direct contact with any chemicals in agarose gel electrophoresis as they can cause mutations and lead to cancers to your body.


Method:
1. Prepare agarose gel on the dish of electrophoresis.
2. Load sample using pipette 10ul into the wells of the agarose gel.
3. Load DNA ladder at both ends of the series of wells.
4. Run the gel at 88Watts for 45 minutes.
5. Take the gel out and see it under the special kind of 'filming theatre'
6. Take the pictures of the gel.
7. Throw the gel away.

Gel electrophoresis















Result:

















Picture above shows the result of gel electrophoresis of DNA extraction. The white part of the picture indicate the existence of DNA in the wells.

Conclusion:
There were DNA that has been extracted for all of the different kind of bacterium during the DNA extraction process.

MISTAKE TO CLARIFY: CC is not a bacteria from plant, but from it is also from the marine water but unknown fish.